The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria is headed by the Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy See of Saint Mark, currently Pope Tawadros II. Estimates of the percentage of Egyptian Christians who are Coptic Orthodox range from approximately 90% to approximately 95%. Outside of Egypt, there are roughly 1 million members of the Coptic Orthodox abroad. A lack of definite, reliable demographic data renders all estimates uncertain. Smaller or larger figures have also been cited, in the range of "somewhere between 6% and 18% of the population," with the Egyptian government estimating lower numbers and the Coptic Orthodox Church estimating much higher numbers. As of 2019, Copts in Egypt "are generally understood to make up approximately 10 percent" of the nation's population, with an estimated population of 9.5 million (figure cited in the Wall Street Journal, 2017) or 10 million (figure cited in the Associated Press, 2019). The vast majority of Egyptian Christians are Copts who belong to the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, an Oriental Orthodox Church. The history of Egyptian Christianity dates to the Roman era as Alexandria was an early center of Christianity. Christianity is the second largest religion in Egypt.
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